{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Nourish","provider_url":"https:\/\/nourish.pharma.hr\/hr","author_name":"admin","author_url":"https:\/\/nourish.pharma.hr\/hr\/author\/admin\/","title":"REVIEW ON LCA IN NUTRACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT - Nourish","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PhZt9fleIz\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nourish.pharma.hr\/hr\/extractomapp\/review-on-lca-in-nutraceutical-development\/\">REVIEW ON LCA IN NUTRACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/nourish.pharma.hr\/hr\/extractomapp\/review-on-lca-in-nutraceutical-development\/embed\/#?secret=PhZt9fleIz\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;REVIEW ON LCA IN NUTRACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT&#8221; &#8212; Nourish\" data-secret=\"PhZt9fleIz\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n<\/script>","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/nourish.pharma.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/RAD-2-1.png","thumbnail_width":865,"thumbnail_height":1030,"description":"Background\/Objectives: Despite its growing application, life-cycle assessment (LCA) in thenutraceutical sector has not been systematically studied, leaving a gap in our understandingof the unique challenges of assessing its environmental footprint. The main objective ofthis study was to provide an overview of scientific publications related to nutraceuticalsfrom the LCA perspective. Methods: This review combined bibliometric analysis, usingVOSViewer as an analytic tool, with the search of theWeb of Science database, aiming toidentify the most relevant papers associated with nutraceuticals and life-cycle assessment.Results: The final selection of the most relevant publications was set at 65, analyzing78 different nutraceuticals. Results reveal that the main sources of raw materials forextraction of nutraceuticals are marine-based, plant-based, and from agri-food waste.Polyphenols were analyzed 34 times and were predominantly sourced from plants, whilecarotenoids, analyzed 17 times, were mainly linked with marine-based and food wastederivedsources. The main environmental footprints were focused on climate change,covering most of the nutraceuticals analyzed (97.4%), followed by acidification (78.2%) andeutrophication (74.4%). SimaPro was the prevailing software used for 43.6% nutraceuticals,while the prevailing database was Ecoinvent, used in two thirds of the cases (66.7%). ReCiPe,as a life-cycle inventory assessment method, was used for calculating 34.6% of analyzedcases, followed by CML (33.3%). Conclusions: This systematic review highlights themain challenge in LCA studies, outlining great variability in study boundaries, functionalunits, and reported environmental footprints, and making it difficult to compare theenvironmental impacts of similar nutraceutical groups from a life-cycle perspective. Thisunderscores the urgent need to improve input-data quality and develop standardizedmethodologies to validate sustainability claims using LCA."}